In November 2015, Water. Desalination + reuse (Faversham House) reported that Singapore's water agency PUB intended to scale up an electrochemical desalination process by US company Evoqua in the following year. The process had been tested for three years from 2010 at PUB's Variable Salinity Plant, Pasir Ris. Evoqua put its energy use at 1.65 to 1.8 kWh/m³, roughly half of the 3.5 kWh/m³ typical for seawater reverse osmosis; PUB aimed for 1.5 kWh/m³. Singapore used some 1.6 million m³/day, with up to 25% from desalination.
The report showed that Singapore was actively testing alternatives to reverse osmosis in order to cut the energy demand of seawater desalination substantially.