In November 2015, Water. Desalination + reuse (Faversham House) reported that Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies and Kazyna Capital Management had concluded a memorandum of understanding on a joint seawater desalination plant in Kazakhstan. Planned for Aktau on the Caspian Sea, the facility was to produce 125,000 m³/day for industry and households in Aktau and Zhanaozen in the oil-producing Manghystau province. It followed a Veolia study, prepared for the region with the Kazakh PPP centre, on a model for private participation. Kazyna Capital belonged to the state holding Baiterek.
The report showed that desalination on the Caspian coast was then seen as a way to supply an oil region, and that public-private partnerships were being examined as the financing model.